凈化工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)臺是一種局部層(ceng)流(liu)裝置,能在局部形成高潔度的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)環境(jing)。它(ta)由工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)臺、過(guo)(guo)(guo)濾器、風機、靜壓箱(xiang)和(he)支(zhi)撐體等組(zu)成,采(cai)用過(guo)(guo)(guo)濾空氣使(shi)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)臺操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)區(qu)(qu)達到凈化除菌的(de)目的(de)。室內空氣經預過(guo)(guo)(guo)濾器和(he)高效(xiao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)濾除塵后以垂直(zhi)或水平(ping)層(ceng)流(liu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)臺的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)區(qu)(qu),由于空氣沒有渦流(liu),所以,任何一點灰(hui)(hui)塵或附(fu)著在灰(hui)(hui)塵上的(de)雜菌都能被排除,不易(yi)向別處擴散和(he)轉(zhuan)移(yi)。因此,可(ke)使(shi)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)區(qu)(qu)保持無菌狀(zhuang)態(tai)。
與無茵室和接種疫苗箱較好,動用油煙凈化器的事業臺面更具的事業因素好、實際操作便捷、無茵郊果靠普、無酒精消毒的藥劑對人影響、應用率綠地面積小且可聯通等優弱點。這樣置于無茵室外動用,無茵郊果更高。其弱點是成本值錢,預進行壓濾機和高進行壓濾機還所需要定期刷洗和拆卸。 高壓力壓縮空氣消毒鍋高壓蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽滅(mie)菌鍋(guo)是一個密閉的(de)(de)(de)、可以耐受一定壓力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)雙層金屬鍋(guo)。鍋(guo)底或(huo)夾層內盛水,當(dang)水在鍋(guo)內沸騰時由(you)于(yu)蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽不(bu)能逸出,使鍋(guo)內壓力(li)(li)(li)逐漸升高,水的(de)(de)(de)沸點和溫(wen)度可隨之升高,從(cong)而(er)達到高溫(wen)滅(mie)菌的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。一般在0.11MPa的(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)(li)(li)下,121℃滅(mie)菌20~30min,包括(kuo)芽孢在內的(de)(de)(de)所有微生物(wu)均(jun)可被殺死。如(ru)果滅(mie)菌物(wu)品體積較大,蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽穿(chuan)透困(kun)難(nan),可以適(shi)當(dang)提(ti)高蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽壓力(li)(li)(li)或(huo)延長滅(mie)菌時間。
直流電過濾除菌鍋有離心式、柜式、手拿式等多種不同類型、,在微生物培養基技術學實驗操作室,最最常用的是手拿式和柜式直流電蒸汽式過濾除菌鍋。和自然壓過濾除菌鍋不同之處,直流電過濾除菌鍋的優勢之處是過濾除菌所用的時間段短、省下燃料油、過濾除菌切底等。其瑕疵是產品報價太貴,過濾除菌儲存量較小。 訓練箱培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)是(shi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)專(zhuan)用設(she)備(bei)。制(zhi)(zhi)熱式培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)是(shi)由電爐(lu)絲和(he)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)儀合成的(de)(de)固定(ding)體積的(de)(de)恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)裝置,大小(xiao)規格(ge)(ge)不一。微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)實驗室常(chang)用的(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)工作容積有(you)450×450×350mm3或650×500×500mm3,適(shi)用于室溫(wen)(wen)(wen)至60℃之間(jian)的(de)(de)各類微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。目前,隨著科學水平的(de)(de)發展,培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)完(wan)善程度和(he)價格(ge)(ge)有(you)很大差別。有(you)各種結構合理、功能齊全的(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),如(ru)恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)恒(heng)濕培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、微(wei)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)用培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和(he)二氧化碳培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等。有(you)的(de)(de)用計算機(ji)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),可選擇多(duo)條時間(jian)線變(bian)換(huan)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差,從(cong)而克(ke)服了(le)環境溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度的(de)(de)影響,一年四季(ji)均能達到(dao)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)要求的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度。
微生(sheng)物多用培養箱是集加(jia)熱、制(zhi)(zhi)冷和(he)振蕩(dang)于一體的(de)微生(sheng)物液體發酵(jiao)裝置。工作(zuo)室的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度在(zai)15~50℃范(fan)圍內任意(yi)選定,選定后(hou)經溫(wen)(wen)控儀自(zi)動控制(zhi)(zhi),保持工作(zuo)室內恒溫(wen)(wen)。同(tong)時設(she)有可控硅調(diao)速系(xi)統,振蕩(dang)機轉(zhuan)速可在(zai)1~220rpm范(fan)圍內任意(yi)調(diao)控。
干熱箱干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)箱(xiang)(xiang)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)于(yu)除(chu)去潮(chao)濕物料內(nei)及器皿內(nei)外水分或其(qi)它揮發性溶液的設(she)備。類型(xing)很(hen)多(duo),有箱(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)、滾筒式(shi)、套(tao)間式(shi)、回轉式(shi)等。微生物學(xue)實(shi)驗(yan)室多(duo)用(yong)箱(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)箱(xiang)(xiang),大小規(gui)格不一(yi)。工(gong)作室內(nei)配(pei)有可活動(dong)的鐵絲(si)網板(ban),便于(yu)放置被(bei)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)的物品。制熱(re)升溫(wen)式(shi)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)箱(xiang)(xiang)也是(shi)(shi)有電爐絲(si)和溫(wen)度控制儀(yi)組(zu)成,可調(diao)節溫(wen)度從(cong)室溫(wen)至300℃任意(yi)選擇。有的干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)箱(xiang)(xiang)采用(yong)導電溫(wen)度計為敏感元件,配(pei)合晶(jing)體(ti)管(guan)和繼電器組(zu)成自動(dong)控制系統(tong),克服了金屬管(guan)型(xing)熱(re)膨脹控制的缺點。此外,還有真(zhen)空(kong)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)箱(xiang)(xiang)(配(pei)有真(zhen)空(kong)泵和氣壓(ya)表(biao)),可在(zai)常(chang)壓(ya)或減壓(ya)下操作。
搖床
搖床又稱搖瓶(ping)機(ji),它是(shi)培養好氣性微生物的小型(xing)試驗設備或(huo)(huo)作為種子擴大培養之用,常用的搖床有(you)往(wang)(wang)復(fu)式和旋(xuan)(xuan)轉式兩(liang)種。往(wang)(wang)復(fu)式搖床的往(wang)(wang)復(fu)頻(pin)率(lv)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)80~140次/min,沖(chong)程(cheng)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為5~14cm,如頻(pin)率(lv)過(guo)快、沖(chong)程(cheng)過(guo)大或(huo)(huo)瓶(ping)內(nei)液體裝量過(guo)多,在(zai)搖動(dong)時液體會濺到包扎瓶(ping)口(kou)的紗布或(huo)(huo)棉塞上,導(dao)致雜菌污染,特別是(shi)啟動(dong)時更容(rong)易發生這種情況。旋(xuan)(xuan)轉式搖床的偏心距一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)3~6cm之間,旋(xuan)(xuan)轉次數(shu)為60~300rpm。
放在(zai)搖(yao)床(chuang)(chuang)上(shang)的(de)(de)培養瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)(一般為(wei)三(san)角(jiao)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping))中的(de)(de)發(fa)酵液(ye)所需要的(de)(de)氧是由空氣經瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)口包扎的(de)(de)紗布(bu)(一般8層(ceng))或棉塞(sai)(sai)通入的(de)(de),所以氧的(de)(de)傳遞與瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)口的(de)(de)大(da)小、瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)口的(de)(de)幾何形狀、棉塞(sai)(sai)或紗布(bu)的(de)(de)厚度和密度有(you)關(guan)。在(zai)通常(chang)情況下,搖(yao)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)氧吸收系數取(qu)決于搖(yao)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)特(te)性和三(san)角(jiao)瓶(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)裝樣量。
導桿式搖床是使用曲柄機制助推搖床作導桿健身,外殼為鋼制或竹木的長方框子,有塊層至3層餐盤的,餐盤的上小圓孔備放養成瓶,孔中突起同一個三角型形可塑橡皮,用于比較固定養成瓶并提高瓶的振動模式,傳動系統醫院一樣 使用三級傳動帶輪加速,需要更變動速傳動帶輪可變動導桿頻繁 。扁心輪上開了不同的的扁心孔,無誤調試扁心距。導桿式搖床的頻繁 和扁心距的多少對氧的吸收能力有嚴重的干擾。 翻轉視頻式搖床是靈活運用翻轉視頻的反力軸使鐵包裝箱搖動,鐵包裝箱下有層或倆層,需用不銹鋼板材料、蜂窩鋁板或實木板制造廠。在八個反力軸里裝有螺栓標準可手動調節節兩邊,使鐵包裝箱確保級別。這一搖床構造僵化,造價貴。其的優勢是氧的傳遞信息比較、額定功率消耗掉小、養育基都不會濺到瓶口的繃帶上。 光學顯微鏡 生物制品發酵工程私營企業小,必須要借助于高倍顯微鏡觀擦就可以觀擦很清楚它們的的私營企業特征和細胞膜架構。所以,在生物制品發酵工程學的數據來研究分析中,高倍顯微鏡觀擦就當上無可卻少的手段。顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的種類很多,根據(ju)其(qi)結構,可以分為光學(xue)(xue)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)和(he)非光學(xue)(xue)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)兩大類。光學(xue)(xue)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)又可分為單式(shi)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)和(he)復(fu)式(shi)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。最簡(jian)單的單式(shi)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)即放大鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(放大倍(bei)數常在10倍(bei)左(zuo)右),構造(zao)復(fu)雜的單式(shi)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為解剖(pou)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(放大倍(bei)數在200左(zuo)右)。在微(wei)(wei)(wei)生物學(xue)(xue)的研究(jiu)中(zhong),主要是復(fu)式(shi)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。其(qi)中(zhong)以普通光學(xue)(xue)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(明視(shi)野顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing))最為常用。此外(wai),還(huan)有暗視(shi)野顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、相差顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、熒光顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、偏光顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、紫外(wai)光顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)和(he)倒置(zhi)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等(deng)。非光學(xue)(xue)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為電子顯(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)微(wei)(wei)(wei)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。
預防接種箱接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)分(fen)為(wei)固(gu)體(ti)(ti)菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)和(he)液體(ti)(ti)菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)。固(gu)體(ti)(ti)菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)是一(yi)(yi)個用木(mu)料和(he)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)制成(cheng)或(huo)由(you)有(you)(you)(you)機玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)焊接(jie)(jie)而(er)成(cheng)的密閉小(xiao)(xiao)箱(xiang)。又(you)分(fen)為(wei)雙(shuang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)單(dan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)操(cao)(cao)作箱(xiang)。箱(xiang)體(ti)(ti)可大可小(xiao)(xiao),一(yi)(yi)般箱(xiang)體(ti)(ti)長約143cm,寬86cm,總高154cm,支(zhi)架(jia)76cm。箱(xiang)的上部(bu)(bu)左右兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)各裝有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)扇(shan)能啟閉的玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)推拉門,方便菌(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)出(chu)。窗的下部(bu)(bu)分(fen)別設有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)個直徑約13cm的圓洞,兩(liang)(liang)洞的中心距離(li)為(wei)52cm(同肩(jian)寬),洞口(kou)裝有(you)(you)(you)帶(dai)松(song)緊(jin)帶(dai)的袖套,以防雙(shuang)手在箱(xiang)內操(cao)(cao)作時(shi),外(wai)界空氣(qi)進(jin)入(ru)箱(xiang)內造成(cheng)污染(ran)。操(cao)(cao)作時(shi)兩(liang)(liang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)相對而(er)坐,雙(shuang)手通過袖套伸入(ru)箱(xiang)內。箱(xiang)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)最好(hao)也裝上玻(bo)(bo)璃(li),箱(xiang)頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)木(mu)板或(huo)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)。箱(xiang)內頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)裝有(you)(you)(you)紫(zi)外(wai)線殺菌(jun)燈(deng)和(he)照明用日光(guang)燈(deng)各一(yi)(yi)支(zhi)。箱(xiang)體(ti)(ti)安裝木(mu)板或(huo)玻(bo)(bo)璃(li)均可,但要(yao)注意密封。
液體(ti)(ti)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)是(shi)專為(wei)移接(jie)(jie)液體(ti)(ti)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而(er)設(she)計(ji)的。比(bi)固(gu)體(ti)(ti)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱(xiang)窄長,單(dan)側兩人操作。內設(she)軌道和紫外線燈(deng),箱(xiang)兩端開有高25cm,寬10cm的長方(fang)形出(chu)口,方(fang)便菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)出(chu),洞口設(she)有小推門。進(jin)出(chu)口下處設(she)蒸汽源,接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時用蒸汽封住進(jin)出(chu)口,以防(fang)雜菌(jun)(jun)(jun)進(jin)入箱(xiang)內。箱(xiang)背面(mian)設(she)有液體(ti)(ti)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)移接(jie)(jie)管能進(jin)入的小孔。
接種(zhong)箱滅(mie)菌(jun)(jun)時(shi),用(yong)(yong)紫外線照(zhao)射30min。如果沒有(you)紫外線燈,可用(yong)(yong)甲醛(quan)和(he)高(gao)錳(meng)(meng)酸鉀(jia)(甲醛(quan)10~14mL/m3+高(gao)錳(meng)(meng)酸鉀(jia)5~7g/m3空間)熏蒸(zheng)30min以上。使用(yong)(yong)時(shi),先將所(suo)需物品和(he)工具放入接種(zhong)箱內,然后進行(xing)藥劑(ji)熏蒸(zheng)和(he)紫外線滅(mie)菌(jun)(jun),再(zai)按無菌(jun)(jun)操(cao)作進行(xing)接種(zhong)。接種(zhong)箱的(de)結構簡單,造價低廉,易消毒滅(mie)菌(jun)(jun),操(cao)作方便,而且人在箱外操(cao)作,氣溫(wen)較高(gao)時(shi)也能作業。缺點是進出培養基費工費時(shi),每次接種(zhong)前都需要(yao)進行(xing)滅(mie)菌(jun)(jun)。
家用冰箱 微生物實驗室的冰箱主要有兩種:普通冰箱和低溫冷凍冰箱。普通冰箱一般都具有兩個柜子,即鮮藏柜和冷藏柜,溫度分別為4℃和-20℃;低溫冷凍冰箱溫度一般控制在-40~-80℃。它們都可以用于微生物菌種保藏。鮮藏柜常用于保存斜面菌種,保藏時間在3個月左右。超過3個月,斜面就會變干,因此需要轉接菌種。如果要長時間保存菌種,則需要經過處理后,貯藏于普通冰箱的冷藏柜或低溫冷凍冰箱中,它們的保藏時間較長,一般都在1年以上。